OPG as a Diagnostic Element in the Management of Anomalies

This study aims to document the contemporary epidemiological patterns of third molar impactions and the relevant clinical indications driving their therapeutic extraction within the Republic of North Macedonia. It was hypothesized that the primary clinical rationale motivating third molar removal is elective/prophylactic rather than pathological response.

Premature tooth loss, within both primary and permanent dentition, can precipitate functional impairments in pediatric patients: namely, masticatory disturbances, malalignment within the dental arch, eruptive anomalies, and speech impediments. This dentoskeletal structural discrepancy may stem from disproportionate jaw or tooth dimensions, inadequate arch length, or a combination of both factors.

To thoroughly evaluate the presence of malocclusion, a variety of diagnostic modalities are employed, including clinical examination, case histories, clinical photography, study models, and diverse radiographic methods such as intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiographs, orthopantomograms (OPG), and lateral cephalograms. Since its inception, the lateral cephalogram has maintained a vital role in assessing craniofacial growth trajectories and diagnosing malocclusion. Cephalometric analysis is widely recognized as the gold standard for diagnosis and treatment planning at the initiation of orthodontic therapy.