Authors: Zhaklina Mençeva, Aneta Terzievska, Stavre Trajçuleski, Goran Terzievski, Gjorgji Trpçevski, Muhamet Bajrami

DOI: To be acquired

Keywords: Impacted lower third molar, position, flap design, surgical technique.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The concept impacted, retained or included tooth refers to a tooth which is fully formed but has not erupted on its place or any other place in the dental arch or outside. The ethiology is multicausal and was subject of great interest among many authors. The stated reasons are: insufficient length of the dental arch, malformation of the crown or root, block of the eruption pathway by a supernumerary tooth, cysts or tumors, odontogenic infections, systematic, hormonal disorders etc. Under the influence of all these general or local factors, the process of tooth eruption might be stopped at any of the eruption process levels, which causes an appearance of dental anomaly like dental impaction. Impaction and semi-impaction of teeth are anomalies in the development of the teeth which can exist both in permanent and deciduous dentition. Any tooth in maxilla and mandibula could be impacted, but the largest percent of impacted teeth according to numerous authors from the dental science literature, goes to the third mandibular molars. Their multicausal etiology, diagnostic procedures, oral-surgical approach and surgical technique, depending on the morphology of the root complex and the grade and class of impaction, are very specific problem we meet in our everyday oral-surgical practice
Aim: of this investigation is choosing the most adequate surgical technique depending on the different positions in which the impacted and semi-impacted mandibular third molar appears and its relation to the adjacent anatomo - morphological structures. There are numerous classification systems in the literature that serve as the basis for planning the surgical approach (mucoperiostal lambo) of the impacted mandibular third molars. Regardless of the use of any surgical approach and any applied surgical technique, it is necessary to minimize the removal of surrounding bone tissue using sterile instruments and excessive cooling with saline solution, which prevents postoperative complications.
Materials and methods: In this study, 80 patients were diagnosed with impacted and half-impacted mandibular third molars divided into two groups of 40 persons. For the patients who were involved in the research, a questionnaire was made in which data of interest for the survey were recorded.
Results: After statistical processing of the obtained data, and using the appropriate world classifications for determining the location of the impacted and semi-impacted mandibular third molars, we concluded that the most commonly used oral surgical technique in the total number of patients is coronal separation.